云南省金沙江流域土壤流失方程研究   总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17  

杨子生 《山地学报》2002,(Z1)

云南金沙江流域是长江中上游水土流失最严重的区域。本项研究以“通用土壤流失方程”(USLE)为蓝本,运用小区实验等手段,综合分析了各个侵蚀因子,建立了云南金沙江流域土壤流失方程A=R·K·LS·c·P,并确定了方程中诸因子的求算方法和数值,以及该流域土壤允许流失量,为方程的应用提供了基本的技术数据。同时,还进行了方程的检验,方程计算值与小区实测值的相对误差在6.3％以下,表明该方程在实际应用中是可靠的。该方程的建立,可为云南金沙江流域预测预报土壤侵蚀,制定土地合理利用规划方案、水土保持措施和土地生态安全格局提供了一套可靠的科学方法和依据。  相似文献   

History and necessity: the evolution of soil conservation technology in a Jamaican farming system     

Rebecca J. Kent 《The Geographical journal》2002,168(1):48-56

The soil conservation campaigns that have been a prominent feature of Jamaican agricultural policy since the 1950s are frequently presented as having failed to ameliorate the problem of soil erosion in hillside agriculture. A case study of a small farming community in the Blue Mountains explores the development of the soil conservation practices currently employed by farmers. The use of trash barriers in carrot farming is described and the origins of this technology and its subsequent adaptation are considered. The study concludes that extension interventions and government policy have influenced the development of current soil conservation practices; practices which have their roots in indigenous techniques. Other factors such as the adaptation of trash barriers to suit local conditions and their importance in soil fertility management also play a role in their widespread use in the study area. The study demonstrates that to understand the process of technical change in farming communities, it is necessary to consider a range of factors, external and internal, technical and social, that have over time influenced farmers' decision making.  相似文献   

Seismic moment distribution revisited: II. Moment conservation principle   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Yan Y. Kagan 《Geophysical Journal International》2002,149(3):731-754

  相似文献   

The Spaces of Conservation and Development around Lake Nakuru National Park,Kenya     

Robert Daniels  Thomas J. Bassett 《The Professional geographer》2002,54(4):481-490

Geographically or sociologically defined resource management units, such as buffer zones or community resource management territories, seek to harmonize local land–use practices with protected–area management objectives. The geographically restricted nature of these models often results in simplistic representations of society–nature relations over time and space. Conservation areas are misrepresented as ecologically and socially homogeneous, as well as politically neutral. This study examines the limits of a spatially defined conservation and development project designed around the physical geographical unit of the watershed at Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya. It argues that politically motivated violence that has plagued the area since the early 1990s has severely undermined the suitability of such narrowly defined conservation territories. Specifically, the case study points to the permeability of the Lake Nakuru watershed to national and regional political forces that ultimately constrain participation in conservation activities. The spaces of conservation and development must be enlarged to include these extralocal arenas and processes if environmental problems are to be effectively addressed.  相似文献   

滇西北亚高山针叶林、硬叶栎类林的树种多样性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

于洋  曹敏  刘文胜 《山地学报》2003,21(5):568-575

在滇西北香格里拉地区,以长苞冷杉(Abiesgeorgei)林、丽江云杉(Picealikiangensis)林作为亚高山针叶林的代表,以川滇高山栎(Quercusaquifolioides)林作为硬叶栎类林的代表,分别选择了6块样地,采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson多样性指数的倒数(D')、Pielou均匀度指数(JH、JD)分别测定其树种多样性,并进行了比较研究。结果表明,三个森林类型的Shannon Wiener指数、Simpson指数的倒数、物种丰富度的顺序均为:长苞冷杉林>川滇高山栎林>丽江云杉林;而前两类森林的Pielou均匀度指数差异不大,但都高于丽江云杉林的均匀度指数值。滇西北的川滇高山栎具有很强的萌生能力。人工种植的亚高山针叶林的树种多样性较原始林低,需要较长时间的恢复过程。亚高山针叶林的存在极大地丰富了云南省的树种多样性,使云南植被的垂直地带性得到了充分体现。  相似文献   

The political ecology of Prunus africana in Cameroon     

Ben Page 《Area》2003,35(4):357-370

This paper provides an analysis of some current trends in political ecology and then illustrates the intermingling of politics and ecology using a case study of the exploitation and conservation of Prunus africana in Cameroon. It argues that political ecology is still a lively field, but that some recent attempts to chart a way forward for this perspective risk shifting it away from its liminal position in relation to natural and social science by being disinclined to engage with ecological processes. The case study draws attention to the strengths and shortcomings in existing attempts to weave political and economic analysis into environmental debates over the sustainable management of this tree species, which has been incorporated into phytomedical markets in Europe. The fortunes of the tree reflect its botany and ecology as well as the trajectories of the local economy, intercontinental markets for alternative health products, the policies and practices of the Cameroonian state and the politics of international aid.  相似文献   

USING UPLAND FOREST IN SHIMENTAI NATURE RESERVE,CHINA*     

STEVE S. W. XU  C. Y. JIM 《Geographical review》2003,93(3):308-327

ABSTRACT. The Shimentai Nature Reserve in Yingde County, Guangdong Province, China, established recently in a subtropical upland forest area, has served for ages as an essential and customary source of livelihood for local people. Assessment of forest usage indicates heavy reliance by villagers on its diversified biotic resources. This forest dependence, associated with socioeconomic factors such as distance from village, ethnic origin, out‐migration of rural youngsters, and a local tradition of conservation, is unlikely to decline in the near future. The reserve management recognizes the need to address the livelihood issues of local people and to win local support. A pragmatic adherence to provincial and higher‐level policies that exclude forest‐tapping activities could lead to more people‐versus‐park conflicts, which would dilute fundamental conservation objectives. A more enlightened and localized approach that nurtures a synergy between limited forest use and conservation while helping to develop new income sources could furnish workable alternatives.  相似文献   

新型砌块水土保持系统的应用研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

耿灵生  巩向锋 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2003,14(4):98-99,104

我国江河湖库众多，同时水土流失日趋严重，流失面积及速度已逐年增加。每年水库除险加固和河流治理等投资数百亿元，随着人们环保意识的加强，特别在近几年以长江和黄河为重点的堤防建设护岸工程中，联锁式砼砌块水土保持系统已逐渐成为我国水土保持领域中最重要的一种全新解决方案，被广泛采用。该系统既能有效防止水土流失、长久地防止坡面冲刷和保持坡体稳定，又能代替成本较高的常规护面，具有较广的推广应用前景。联锁式砼砌块水土保持系统是由多个独立的砼砌块相互啮合组合在一起的联锁矩阵，联锁式砼砌块铺面在各种动、静水条件下具有良好的整体稳定性，铺设于渗水土工布上。能有效保护土体不受水流冲刷和浸泡破坏。该系统在欧美已有多年的历史，是被工程实践证明了的性能卓越、经济实用、美观环保、可持续发展的水土保持系统，可广泛应用于河道和灌渠衬砌、沿海防潮堤、水库大坝边坡加固、铁路、高速公路边坡等防护和城市绿化工程。  相似文献   

粤西罗定盆地南缘金矿流体包裹体特征及成因意义     

黄圭成  汪雄武 《华南地质与矿产》2003,(4):44-50

罗定盆地南缘的金矿脉石英和方解石中发育液相、气相和气液两相3种类型包裹体,以液相包裹体和气液包裹体为主。气液包裹体的气液比为5%～25%。包裹体盐度w(NaCl)为0.9%～10.6%,多数>5%,属于咸水-卤水。包裹体的均一温度显示,金矿有两个成矿阶段:第一阶段形成温度为172℃,第二阶段形成温度为122℃。氢氧同位素组成、流体包裹体成分显示成矿热液来源于大气降水。金矿形成于低温、浅成-超浅成环境,成矿热液可能经历了减压沸腾过程。金矿的成因类型属于浅成-超浅成低温热液型。  相似文献   

差异性风化岩石作为桩基持力层设计应注意的若干问题          下载免费PDF全文

隆威  李爱民  杨先斌 《探矿工程》2003,30(5):3-5

基岩中存在软弱夹层为岩石的差异性风化的主要特征。在不均匀性地基土上选用该类地层作为钻孔灌注桩持力层时，它的存在将对桩长、单桩承载力、桩体沉降等带来不同程度的影响。以黄石电厂为例，指出在选用差异性风化岩石作为桩基持力层时应注意的若干问题。  相似文献